Syllabus for LDCE for Promotion to Post of AEE in Electrical Engineering Department

1.0 General

1.1 Network analysis, Star/Delta transformation, Symmetrical component, transients, Basics of Control systems.

1.2 Analog and Digital Electronics and Circuits:

• Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and parameters, FET, Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications, rectifier circuits, voltage regulators and multipliers, switching behavior of diodes and transistors.

• Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement, multi-stage amplifiers and feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull amplifiers, operational amplifiers and wave shaping circuits. Multi-vibrators and flip-flops and their applications. Digital logic gate families, universal gate combinational circuits for arithmetic and logic operation, sequential logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM and RGMs.

1.3 Micro-processors:

• Micro-processor architecture instruction set and simple assembly language programming. Interfacing for memory and I/O Applications of Micro-processors in power system.

1.4 Power Electronics:

• Power and semi-conductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor (IGBT), GTOs and MOSFETs. Characteristic and operation.AC to DC Convertors; 1-phase and 3-phase DC to DC Convertors; AC regulators. Thyristor controlled reactors, switched capacitor networks.

• Invertors; Single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation with uniform sampling. Switched mode power supplies.

1.5 Communication Systems:

• Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth considerations. Digital communication systems. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. Elements of sound and vision broadcasting. Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division multiplexing. Telemetry system in power engineering. Fibre optic cable communication system.

1.6 Indian Elect. Acts & Rules:

• Application of these to Railway working, Checks to be carried out before commissioning Elect. Assets, functions and duties of Electrical Inspectors (EIG), Electricity Act 2003. Energy Conservation Act 2007, ECB Code, role of Lift Inspector, Lift & Escalator Rules.

2.0 Electrical Engineering Materials

• 2.1 Band Theory, Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators, Super-conductivity. Insulators for electrical and Electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri magnetism. Ceramics: Properties and applications. Hall effect and its applications. Special semi-conductors. Insulating material classification/Thermal effect, Solar PV modules.

3.0 Theory and performance of Electrical Machines & Equipment

• 3.1 Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction and operation, leakage, losses and efficiency.

• 3.2 Direct current machines : Generation of EMF, work, power, Torque equation, armature winding, armature, reaction, theory of commutation, Inter-poles & compensating windings, characteristics of shunts, series and compound generators, parallel running and load sharing of generators, Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models characteristic and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting and speed control. Testing. Losses and efficiency.

• 3.3 Synchronous machines. Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and performance analysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-pole machine. Parallel operation. Hunting. Short circuit transients.

• 3.4 Induction Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields, Characteristics and performance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle diagram, Starting and speed control, Fractional KW motors, Single-phase synchronous and induction motors, 3 phase Asynchronous motors and induction motors for traction application.

• 3.5 Transformers: Construction and testing. Equivalent circuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer. 3-phase transformer. Parallel operation. Methods of cooling, Tap changing, parallel operation, polarity and phase sequence testing, protection Instruments, PTs & CTs, etc. Scott connection transformer.

4.0 Generation, Transmission & Utilisation

• 4.1 Sources of energy, heat value of fuel, steam power station, Hydro Electric Station, Nuclear Power Station. Pumped storage plants. Economics and operating factors.

• 4.2 Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control. Load flow studies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control. Symmetrical short circuit analysis. Z-Bus formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady state stability of power systems. Equal area criterion.
  
  Power system transients. Power System Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC transmission.

• 4.3 Illumination standards of light. Polar curve, Reflection and absorption, lighting calculations including design & economical layout of service building, workshops & yards. Various sources of light – fluorescent tubes etc.

• 4.4 Electric traction : advantages & disadvantages, speed time curve – traction motor, starting & speed control of DC series motors, power consumptions, Regenerative breaking, advantages and disadvantages of AC traction over DC traction, Tractive effort, Braking effort.

• 4.5 Group & individual drive. Choice of drive & motors for various usages.

5.0 Measurements & instrumentation

• 5.1 Units and Standards. Error analysis. Measurement of resistance (high & low), Potentiometer, Wheat Stone & Kelvin bridge, meggers for insulation resistance & earth resistance.

• 5.2 Voltmeters, ammeter, power factor meter, single phase watt meter, measurements of three phase power recording instruments, Maximum Demand Meter. Watt Hour Meter, Shunt, CT, PT.

• 5.3 Check meter

• 5.4 Transducers and their applications to the measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate displacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.

6.0 Mechanical Engineering Refrigeration etc.

• 6.1 Various types of drives, belt, tooth gearing, rope and chain drive and Helical gears. Different types of bearings, ball, roller etc.

• 6.2 Heat pump cycle, vapour compression, estimation of cooling and heating levels and plant capacities, calculation of psychometric charts, condensers, cooling and dehumidification, refrigerant and their properties.

7.0 Logical reasoning.

• 7.1 The test is given to the candidates to judge their power of reasoning spread in verbal and non-verbal areas. The candidates should be able to think logically so that they perceive the data accurately, understand the relationships correctly, figure out the missing number of words, and to apply rules to new and different contexts. These indicators are measured through performance on such tasks as detecting missing links, following directions, classifying words, establishing sequences, and completing analogies.

• 7.1 Chart logic : A chart or a table is given that is partially filled in and asked to complete it in accordance with the information given either in the chart/table or in the question.

• 7.2 Pattern perception : Here a certain pattern is given and generally a quarter is left blank. The candidate is required to identify the correct quarter from the given four alternatives.

• 7.3 Figure matrix : In this more than one set of figures is given in the form of a matrix all of them following the same rule. The candidate is required to follow the rule and identify the missing figure.

• 7.4 Rule detection: Here a particular rule is given and it is required to select from the given sets of figures a set of figure which obeys the rule and forms the correct series.

Paper – 2

1.0 General Services

• 1.1 General power supply arrangements, air conditioning etc.
• 1.2 Power Supply: HT & LT sources, power supply network, substation layout, overhead & underground distribution, maintenance & operation of transformers, switch gears, protective devices & distribution lines.
• 1.3 Construction, erection & commissioning of new sub station distribution lines, line calculations etc.
• 1.4 House wiring, metering & safety precautions.
• 1.5 Tariff & agreements, Relative merits of obtaining HT & LT supply, steps to reduce maximum demand, measurement of power, power factor, measuring demand etc.
• 1.6 Water supply & requirement of water, planning of water supply system, sources of water, pipe line - frictional & other losses, discharge calculations.
• 1.7 Reciprocating centrifugal & turbine pumps, relative merit, choice of VS & HS pumps, characteristic curve of pumps, efficiency drives, Electrical Connections & protections. Cavitation & priming of pumps, measurement of output with V-Notch & nozzle, necessity of multi stage pumping, storage capacity and purification of water.
• 1.8 Preventive maintenance, special failure of pumps & motors, periodical overhaul.
• 1.9 Air-conditions and Refrigeration
• Central air-conditioning plant & package type system, refrigeration cycle, air changes, planning for capacity and drives for refrigeration plants, refrigerants and ducting.
• 1.10 Specification, design & testing of water coolers, central as well as package plants. Requirements of water coolers, window coolers & refrigerators.
• 1.11 Standby arrangement: DG sets, both petrol & diesel as also diesel pumps for water supply arrangements. Operation, maintenance and overhauling.
• 1.12 Illumination, yard lighting, street lighting & town supply network. Drives for workshop machinery.
• 1.13 Earthing & Bonding.
• 1.14 Commissioning & maintenance aspect of conventional & maintenance free earthing arrangement for general service application.
• 1.15 Maintenance of various equipment of sub-station, energy management, important instructions issued by Railway Board & RDSO.
• 1.16 Energy consumption, Renewable energy, Solar, Wind and biomass.

2.0 Traction distribution

• 2.1 Systems of electrification in use. Advantages and disadvantages of the different systems with emphasis on 2 x 25 KV system.
• 2.2 Feasibility studies and justifications for track electrifications, preliminary planning and design, procedure followed in taking up electrification scheme, working drawing for execution of OHE wiring plans and OHE layout plans.
• 2.3 Planning of layout of overhead equipments, Techno economic survey for electrification of new lines, foot by foot survey, prepegging plans, precautions to be taken while wiring new lines, foundation & their types & use of wiring trains, final checking, safety checks and certification, energizing of new lines, principles of preparation of layout plans, provision of return conductors.
• 2.4 Overhead equipments – Types of overhead equipments, regulated and unregulated systems, stitches OHE, speed potential of various types of OHE, Centenary, contact wire, Dropper & Jumpers. Overlaps, clearances, Mast & portals, schedules of dimension etc.
• 2.5 Maintenance problems with OHE, Foot patrolling, current collection, use of tower wagons, ladders & ladder trolleys, seasonal & cycle checks, maintenance schedule, Insulator cleaning, straightening of out of plump masts, earthing and bonds, return conductors, Preventive maintenance tools, types of Blocks & Procedure.
• 2.6 Breakdown, TRD works during breakdowns and accidents, restoration procedure – both temporary and permanent.
• 2.7 Overhaul schedule & anti-theft measures.
• 2.8 Organization & working of maintenance depots, repair workshops, training of staff, safety measures and precautions.
• 2.9 Power Supply Installation:
  
  Power supply arrangements, traction sub-stations, feeding stations, SSP & SPs, 132 KV transmission lines, Railway owned substations, transformer maintenance, circuit breakers, current and potential transformers, protective relays, auxiliary transformers, interrupters and isolators.
• 2.10 Liaison with power supply authorities, monthly meter reading, control over maximum demand, emergency power supply arrangements, Automated Meter Reading.
• 2.11 Maintenance of switching stations.
• 2.12 Remote control system, remote control equipment for AC substations and its working. Operation and maintenance of remote control, Specialized equipments for remote control work.
• 2.13 Remote control centre, traction power control organization, permit to work, emergency arrangements, coordination with operating and other departments, Liaison with supply authorities, emergency phones, safety precautions for electrified section.
• 2.14 Miscellaneous: Traction, stores and their accountal, regulation for electrical crossing of railway tracks.
• 2.15 Important instructions issued by Railway Board, RDSO’s SMI/MS. TCs and related investigation reports.

3.0 Train lighting and air conditioned caches.

• 3.1 Designs, construction, principles of working, schematic circuit diagrams of train lighting equipments used in train lighting system.
• 3.2 Coach wiring, under frame wiring, schedule of rewiring, couplers, lamp resistance, junction boxes and fuses, Generation to non-generation ratio, lights, fans and water raising apparatus.
• 3.3 Self generating coaches, End on-Generation, Head on Generation, power cars, electrical and mechanical components, layout, operation and maintenance procedures for slip coaches.
• 3.4 Train lighting batteries, their maintenance, defects, analysis of causes of failures and remedial measures.
  Simplified system of train lighting, use of alternators, anti-theft measures.
• 3.5 Fire in trains, preventive measures and precautions.
• 3.6 Periodic overhaul and heavy repairs to train lighting equipment.
• 3.7 Broad outlines of types of equipments used in 110 V and 415 Volt air conditioned coaches, scheme of refrigerated vans. Drives and their problems, gear boxes, their maintenance and alignment.
• 3.8 Maintenance schedules for AC coaches, partial AC coaches, AC I, II/III coaches, Sleeper coaches, Running Repairs.
• 3.9 Coordination with Mechanical, Operating and Security Department.
• 3.10 Important instructions issued by Railway Board, RDSO’s SMIs, TCs and related investigation reports.

4.0 Electric Locos

• 4.1 Description of locomotives in service, principles of operation and the characteristics of different types of locos used in Electric traction on the Indian Railways.
• 4.2 Power, Auxiliary and control circuits: Their equipment, functioning, maintenance/overhauling schedules.
• 4.3 Various types of bogies and bogie suspension and their components, power transmission from traction motor to axles, traction motor mounting arrangement ie, Jacqueman drive, Quill drive, WN coupler: their equipment, functioning, maintenance/overhauling schedules.
• 4.4 Air, vacuum and Dual Break System, Air compressors, regenerative and rheostatic breaking, their equipment, functioning, maintenance/overhauling schedule.
• 4.5 Function of electric loco sheds and electric loco workshops.
• 4.6 Schedule inspection of locos ie. IA, IB, IC, AOH, IOH and POH.
• 4.7 Records and Registers maintained in loco sheds, planning and progress organisation, statistical data, rolling stock organisation in sheds and shops, fire prevention, safety checks and history cards.
• 4.8 Important instructions issued by Railway Board, RDSO’s SMI/MS/TCs and related investigation reports, AC Traction Manual.

5.0 EMU/MEMU/Metros

• 5.1 Utility of EMU trains for urban and suburban services vis-a-vis locomotives, various types of EMU stock – AC, DC and AC-DC, their salient features, rake formation.
• 5.2 Power circuits, auxiliary, control circuits, break systems, bogies and other mechanical components, their equipment, functioning, maintenance/overhauling schedules.
• 5.3 Inspection schedules of EMU/MEMU/Metros, troubleshooting sequence.
• 5.4 Safety precautions and fire prevention checks.
• 5.5 Maintenance and overhaul organization and liaison with other departments.

6.0 Electric loco and EMU operation

• 6.1 Operation of electric locos with single unit and multiple unit and with rheostatic and regenerative breaking.
• 6.2 Safety features to be followed in the operation of electric locos and EMUs.
• 6.3 Failure of Electric locos and EMUs, their cause, investigation and remedial measures for avoiding failures.
• 6.4 Inter-relation between electric, mechanical and operating department in functioning of electric locos and EMUS.
• 6.5 Function of traction loco control organization.
• 6.6 Preparation of engine links and driver links – power plan.
• 6.7 Compilation of operating statistics for electric locos and EMUs operation.
• 6.8 Outstation organization for maintenance of electric loco and EMU.
• 6.9 Working rules for preparation/operation of Electric Rolling stock.
• 6.10 Recruitment and training of running staff – conversion training etc.
• 6.11 Accidents and re-railing technique of locos and EMUs.

7.0 Stores matters

• 7.1 Procedure relating to procurement of stock items, non-stock items, distribution and Accountal of stores.
• 7.2 Receipt and custody of stores.
• 7.3 Sale of surplus stores.
• 7.4 Inventory control.
• 7.5 Schedule of powers.

8.0 Engineering Matters.

• 8.1 Estimates.
• 8.2 Execution of work.
• 8.3 Contracts for work.
• 8.4 Procedure for traffic and Engineering Surveys.

9.0 Disaster Management – Role of Electrical Officer.

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