Study Material For RRB Exam: General Knowledge (G.K.) - Geography
Study Material For RRB Exam - General Knowledge
Section : Geography
Solar System
Important Facts
Biggest planet : Jupiter Smallest plant : Mercury Satellite of Earth : Moon Nearest planet from Sun : Mercury Farthest planet from Sun : Neptune Nearest planet to Earth : Venus Brightest planet : Venus Brightest star : Dog Star Planet having maximum number of satellite : Jupiter (63) Coldest planet : Neptune Red planet (seen at night) : Mars Heaviest planet : Jupiter Biggest satellite of solar : Ganymede system Smallest satellite of solar : Demos system Blue planet : Earth Red planet : Mars Morning star : Venus Evening star : Venus Sister of Earth : Venus 9th planet : Karla
Galaxies
Galaxy Name Magnitude Visual
Milky way — Large Magellanic Cloud 0.9 Small Magellanic Cloud 2.5 Ursa Minor Dwarf 11.9 Sculptor Dwarf 80 Draco Dwarf 10.9 Formax Sysyem 8.3 Leo -II System 12.04 Leo -I System 12.0 N. G.C 6822 8.9 N.G.C. 147 9.73 N.G.C. 185 10.1 N .G.C. 205 8.17 N.G.C. 2 21 (M 32) 8.16 IC 1613 9.61 Andromeda Galaxy 3.47 N.G.C. 598 (M 33) 5.79 Maffel I 11.0
Important Lines and Boundaries
- Durand Line: It is the line demarcating the boundaries of India and Afghanistan. It was drawn up in 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand. India recognizes the Durand Line but Afghanistan does not.
- Hindenburg Line: It is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The Germans marched to this line in 1917 during World War I.
- Maginot Line: A 320 Km line of fortification built by France along its border with Germany before World War II, to protect against German attack.
- Mannerheim Line: It is the line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Drawn up by General Mannerheim.
- McMahon Line: Drawn up by Sir Henry McMahon. It demarcates the frontier of India and China. China did not recognize this line and violated it in 1962.
- Oder-Neisse Line: It is the border between Poland and Germany running along the Oder and Neisse rivers; adopted at the Poland Conference (August 1945) after the World War II.
- Radcliffe Line: Drawn up by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, this line demarcates the boundary between India and Pakistan.
- Siegfried Line: Is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France.
- 17th Parallel: The 17th Parallel defined the boundary between North and South Vietnam before the two were united.
- 24th Parallel: Is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India and Pakistan. This, however, is not recognized by India.
- 38th Parallel: Is the parallel of latitude which separates North and South Korea.
- 49th Parallel: The boundary between US and Canada.
Some Important Facts
- The total surface area of the earth 510,067,2000 sq. km.
- Total area covered by water or sea 70.92%
- The land area 29.08%
- The equatorial circumference of the earth 40,075,03 km.
- The meridional circumference 40,007,89 km.
- The total world’s population 6.25 billion (Approximately)
- The average daily increase in the world’s population 263,000 (182 per minute)
- The crude birth rate 27.1 per 1000
- The crude death rate 9.8 per 1000
- The most populous country China
- The least populous country Vatican city
- Most densely populated country The Portuguese province of Macau
- Total number of countries 253
- The largest country in area Russia
- The smallest country in area Vatican city
- The most populous city Mexican city
- The largest City Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
Different Minerals and their Primary Producers
Minerals First Producer Second Producer
Aluminium USA CIS Asbestos Canada Rhodesia Bauxite Australia Jamaica Chromium Rhodesia India Coal USA Russia Coal USA Russia Crude Oil Russia Saudi Arabia Diamonds Zaire Russia Gold South Africa Canada Graphite Sri Lanka — Iron Ore Russia Brazil Lead Ore USA Russia Manganese Ore USA South Africa Mercury Italy Spain Natural Gas USA Russia Nickel ore Canada Russia Platinum USA Kuwait Petroleum products China Japan Phosphate USA Russia Silver Canada Russia Tin Malaysia Bolvia Tungsten China Russia Uranium USA Canada Zinc Ore Canada Russia
Different Crops And Their Primary Producers
Crop Primary Producer Secondary Producer
Barley Russia China Cocoa Ghana Brazil Coffee Brazil Columbia Cotton Russia China Flax Russia Belgium Groundnut India China Jute China India Maize USA China Manila Hemp Philippines — Rice China India Rubber Malaysia Indonesia Silk Japan China Soyabean USA China Sugar Russia Brazil Tea India China Tomato USA Russia Wheat Russia USA
Major Rivers of the World
River Origin Falls in Length (km.)
Nile Victoria lake Mediterranean Sea 6,650 Amazon Andes (Peru) Atlantic Ocean 6,428 Yangtze Tibetan Kiang Plateau China Sea 6,300 Mississippi Itaska lake (USA) Gulf of Maxico 6,275 Missouri USA Yenisei Tannu-Ola Mts. Arctic Ocean 5,539 Huang Ho Kunlun Mts. Gulf of Chibli 5,464 Congo Lualaba & Luapula rivers Atlantic Ocean 4,700 Amur North East China Sea of Okhotsk 4,444 Lena Baikal Mountains Laptev Sea 4,400 Mekong Tibetan Highlands South China Sea 4,350 Mackenzie Great Slave Lake Beaufort Sea 4,241 Parana Confluence of Paranaiba & Grande rivers Atlantic Ocean 3,998
Major Lakes of the World
- Largest Lake - Caspian Sea
- Highest lake - Lake Titicaca
- Largest saline water lake - Caspian Sea
- Deepest lake - Lake Baikal
- Largest fresh water lake - Lake Superior
- India’s largest lake - Chilka lake
Important Lakes of the World
Lake Location Area (sq. km.)
Caspian Russian and CIS 371000 Superior Canada and USA 82414 Victoria Tanzania (Africa) 69485 Huron Canada and USA 59596 Michigan USA 58016 Tanganyika Africa 32892 Baikal Russia (CIS) 31502 Great Bear Canada 31080
Oceans of the World
Names Area (sq. km.) Greatest Depth
Pacific 166,240000 Mariana Trench Atlantic 86.560000 Puerto Rico Trench Indian 73430000 Java Trench Arctic 13230000 —
Important Deserts
- Sahara - N. Africa (Includes the Libyan and the Nubian Desert)
- Australian - Australia (Includes Gibson, Simpson, Victorian, Great Sandy)
- Arabian - Arab Countries (Includes Rub-al-Khali and An-Nafad of S. Arabia and Dast-e-Lut and Dast-e-Kavir of Iran)
- Kalahari - Africa (mainly in Botswana)
- Gobi - Mongolia
- Atacama - Central Chile
- Patagonian - Argentina
- Takla Makan - Sinkiang, China
- Karakum - Turkmenistan
Major Gulfs of the World
Names Area (sq. km.) Names Area (sq.km.)
Gulf of Mexico 15,44,000 Gulf of St. Lawrence 2,37,000 Gulf of Hudson 12,33,000 Gulf of California 1,62,000 Arabian Gulf 2,38,000 English Channel 89,900
Major Peninsulas of the World
Peninsulas Area (sq. km.) Peninsulas Areas (sq.km.)
Arabia 32,50,000 Labrador 13,00,000 Southern India 20,72,000 Scandinavia 8,00,000 Alaska 15,00,000 Iberian 584,000
Major Mountain Ranges of the World
Range Location Length (km)
Andes South America 7,200 Andes South Central Asia 5,000 Himalayas-Karakoram-Hindukush South Central Asia 4,800 Rockies North America 4,800 Great Dividing Range East Australia 3,600 Atlas North West Africa 1,930 Western Ghats Western India 1,610 Caucasus Europe 1,200 Alaska USA 1,130 Alps Europe 1,050
Smallest and Biggest Countries
Biggest Nation Biggest Nations
Smallest Nations
Smallest Nations
(Area-wise)
(Population-wise) (Area-wise) (Population-wise)
Russia China Vatican City Vatican City Canada India Monaco Tuvalu China USA Nauru Nauru USA Indonesia Tuvalu Palau Brazil Brazil San Marino San Marino Australia Pakistan Liechatenstein Menaco India Bangladesh Marshall Islands Leichtenstein Argentina Nigeria Sait Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Kazakhastan Russia Maldives Antigua and Barbados Sudan Japan Malta Dominica
Foreign Towns Associated with Industries
Town (Country) Associated Industry
Baku (Azebajjan) Petroleum Bangkok (Thailand) Ship building Belfast (Ireland) Ship building Buenos Aires (Argentina) Meat Cadiz (Portugal) Cork Chicago (U.S.A.) Agricultural implements, Meat Cologne (Germany) Cotton and woolen industries Dhaka (Bangladesh) Jute Detroit (U.S.A.) Motor cars Dresden (Germany) Optical and photographic apparatus Glasgrow (Great Britain) Machinery Havana (Cuba) Tabacco, Cigars Hollywood (U.S.A.) Film industry Johannesburg (S. Africa) Gold mines Kimberlay (S. Africa) Diamond mining Leeds (England) Woollen goods Lyons (France) Silk industries Manchester (England) Cotton industry Mauritius (Indian Ocean) Fishing, shipping, Sugar Milan (Italy) Silk Morocco (North Africa) Leather Munich (Germany) Lenses New Orleans (U.S.A.) Cotton industry Osaka (Japan) Cotton fabrics Pittsburg (U.S.A.) Iron and Steel Plymouth (England) Ship-building Sheffield (England) Cutlery Venice (Italy) Glass manufacturing Vienna (Austria) Glass manufacturing Wellington (New Zealand) Dairy Product
World’s Geographical Surnames
Surname Name Surname Name
Bengal’s Sorrow Damodar River Key to the Mediterranean Gibralter Blue Mountains Nilgiri Hills Land of Cakes Scotland City of Sky-scrapers New York Land of Golden Fleece Australia City of Seven Hills Rome Land of Maple Leaf Canada City of Dreaming Spires Land of Morning Calm Korea City of Palaces Kolkata Land of Midnight sun Norway City of Golden Gate San Francisco Land of the Thousand Lakes Finland City of Magnificent Buildings Washington D.C. Land of the Thunderbolt Bhutan City of Eternal Quito Land of White Thailand Springs (S. America) Elephant China’s Sorrow Hwang Ho Land of Five Rivers Punjab Cockpit of Europe Belgium Land of Thousand Elephants Laos Dark Continent Africa Land of Rising Sun Japan Emerald Isle Ireland Loneliest Island Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic) Eternal City Rome Manchester of Japan Osaka Empire City New York Pillars of Hercules Strait of Gibraltar Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet) Pearl of the Antilles Cuba Garden City Chicago Playground of Europe Switzerland Gate of Tears Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb Quaker City Philadelphia Gateway of India Mumbai Queen of the Adriatic Venice Gift of the Nile Egypt Roof of the World The Pamirs, Central Asia Granite City Aberdeen (Scotland) Rose Pink City Jaipur Hermit Kingdom Korea Sugar bowl of the world Cuba Herring Pond Atlantic ocean Venica of the North Stockholm Holy Land Jerusalem Windy city Chicago Island Continent of Africa Australia Whiteran’s grave Guinea Coast of Africa Island of Clvoes Zanzibar Yellow River (China) Huang Ho Isle of Pearls Bahrein (Persian Gulf)
Biggest, Highest, Largest, Longest in the World
Anima, Tallest Giraffe Archipelago, Largest Indonesia Bird, Fastest Swift Bird, Largest Ostrich Bird, Smallest Humming Bird Bridge, Longest Railway (U.S.A.) Huey P. Long Bridge, Louisiana Building, Tallest in the world Burj, Dubai (UAE) Canal, Longest Irrigational The Kalakumsky canal Canal, Longest Suez canal Capital, Highest La paz (Bolvia) City, Biggest in area Mount Isa (Australia) City, Largest in population Tokyo City, Costliest Tokyo City, Highest Van Chuan (China) Continent, Largest Asia Continent, Smallest Australia Country, Biggest (area) Russia Country, Largest (population) China Country, Largest (electorate) India Creature, Largest Blue Whale Delta, Largest Sunderban (Bangladesh & India) Deswert, Largest (World) Sahara (Africa) Desert, Largest (Asia) Gobi Dam, Largest Grand Coulee Dam (U.S.A.) Dam, Highest Hoover Dam (U.S.A.) Diamond, Largest The Cullinan Dome, Largest Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.) Epic, Largest Mahabharat Irrigation Scheme, Largest Lloyd Barrage, Sukkur (Pakistan) Island, Largest Greenland Sea, Largest (Artificial) Lake Mead (Boulder Dam) Lake, Highest Titicaca (Bolivia) Lake, Largest (Fresh water) Superior Lake, Largest (Salt water) Caspian Library, Largest United States Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Mountain Peak, Highest Everest (Nepal) Mountain Range, Longest Andes (S. America)
